The process of science production, especially in the health field, is sensitive, time-consuming, and costly (1-2). Findings in the health research area can be effective in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. "Achieving this goal is impossible unless the process of the selection subjects up to the use of information is precise, systematic and scientific " (3); this work follows this goal, stating that the production cycle of science, researcher, information systems (health libraries and databases) and users of scientific production in the field of health should pay attention to the EXPECTED PROFITs, i. e. the PROFITs of the research that individuals or organizations are EXPECTED to do. This conceptual framework explains these PROFITs in three levels:...

This paper develops a theoretical setting in which firms within industry are risk averse and maximize EXPECTED utility of PROFIT under output price uncertainty in an oligopolistic market. The EXPECTED PROFIT margin is under influence of increase in market share and concentration coefficient at the firm and industry levels. This effect is decomposed of efficiency cost effect as measured by marginal processing cost reduction and the effect due to output price variance under uncertainty. Furthermore, the industry' conjectural elasticity is used as a parameter to evaluate the market's degree of competitiveness. The technique of pooling time-series and cross-section is applied for 11 sugar cane factories that are listed in Tehran Exchange market over the period 1375-1382. The findings indicate that the estimate of collusion parameter is lower and it increases with higher sugar price elasticity of demand. Furthermore, the effect of output price uncertainty offsets the cost efficiency effect resulted from market share and concentration.

This paper develops a theoretical model for EXPECTED utility maximizing firm from stochastic PROFIT to set up its optimal level of final output which is processed by converting main input. Equilibrium condition yields the equation for EXPECTED marketing margin, consisting of five components: processing marginal cost, oligopoly and oligopsony distortions, output and input price variances. The applied setting is treated by application of polled cross section and time series dada for 11 sugar factories activated in Tehran Exchange Market over the years of 1996 through 2003. It turns out that the EXPECTED margin effects of wage and energy are negative and that of the market share effect is positive since the higher output price variance can offset the lower main input price variance.

the long history of the government budget deficit and its Unpleasant externalities in Iranian economy create important Concerns about its solutions.According to the major share of Public Benefit Projects in the State budget, Governmental Musharakah sukuk issuance is a probable solution. The researches show the using of this kind of sukuk for public benefit projects financing has jurisprudential challenges.The results of this paper demonstrate if the provisional PROFIT of this sukuk is guaranteed similar to liability insurance by third party and non - governmental financial resources and so the government pricing and buy it based on Present value, there are not jurisprudential challenges with it. Also it seems the using of Qarz and Havaleh contracts can decrease the others challenges.

In this paper, absorbing Markov chain models are developed to determine the optimum process mean levels for both a single-stage and a serial two-stage production system in which items are inspected for conformity with their specification limits. When the value of the quality characteristic of an item falls below a lower limit, the item is scrapped. If it falls above an upper limit, the item is reworked. Otherwise, the item passes the inspection. This flow of material through the production system can be modeled in an absorbing Markov chain characterizing the uncertainty due to scrapping and reworking. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the proposed model.

Prediction of management is a key mechanism of voluntary disclosure. Previous studies in this area have shown evidences that managers disseminate the PROFIT predictions to provide more information and guidance to the market and the market significantly react to it. After designing the mentioned indices, the data of transactions conducted in the study five-year duration i. e. 1390-94 (2011-15) has been collected from the Stock Exchange. The statistical sample is consisted of 107 companies that have been selected using systematic elimination method that totally were 535 year-firm. In this study to assess the hypotheses, the linear regression and correlation have been used. In order to data analysis and test the hypotheses, the EVIEWS software is used. What can be considered in total summing up and conclusion of the study hypotheses is that the buy and hold returns, the number of revision and the seasonal error in predicted PROFIT have an impact on the possibility of revision in PROFIT prediction. In addition, decision-making based on informed transactions by insiders has an impact on the relationship between the mentioned variables.

Abstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, PROFIT continuity, PROFIT management and investment opportunities with PROFIT sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the research ,includes 113 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2019. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) was used for statistical analysis. The findings of this study showed that assets growth, PROFIT continuity, investment opportunities and PROFIT management have an effect on dividends. There is also a significant relationship between earnings management and dividends. Finally, the distributed PROFIT, assets growth, and the continuity of PROFIT affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed PROFIT, the growth of assets, and the continuity of PROFIT affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed PROFIT, PROFIT growth, and the continuity of PROFIT affect the company's performance. When investors determine the value of the company in terms of accounting data, it is necessary to consider the growth rate of assets. When the company does not have a shortage of available cash, the manager does not face a serious problem in allocating resources between investment opportunities and PROFIT distribution. The growth of assets creates value for a company. Managers mostly proceed with PROFIT continuation,Because the amount of PROFIT and its fluctuation is important from the point of view of the company's shareholders and it affects the value of the company. Using investment opportunities and adopting favorable debt and PROFIT sharing policies, which are among the tools of financial decisions, can improve the position of the company.